Situación y problemática actual de los estudios demográficos sobre el País Vasco

Son escasos los análisis demográficos en el País Vasco. La mayoría de las obras se realizan con metodologías aplicadas a estas provincias, con un resultado insuficiente. A nivel comarcal los trabajos son inexistentes. Esto es resultado de una carencia de institucionalización universitaria vasca sólida y coordinada, la escasa importancia que se dan a estos estudios (como simples anexos) y el desfase cronológico de la práctica totalidad de la bibliografía que pose

Pouvoirs de sanction dans les projets d’amendement à la Loi 19.628 sur protection des données personnelles. Une critique

El presente trabajo analiza las potestades sancionatorias de los organismos competentes en el Proyecto de Reforma a la Ley Nº 19.628 sobre Protección de Datos Personales. Para ello, se analiza el modelo español de ejercicio de potestades sancionatorias para protección de datos personales, análisis del cual surgen elementos para criticar y revisar la configuración institucional escogida en nuestro Proyecto de Reforma, el cual, se concluirá, resulta inadecuado para tutelar el derecho fundamental a la autodeterminación informativa.This paper analyzes the sanctioning powers vested upon the competent authorities in the Amendment Project for Act Number 19.628 on personal data protection. For such purpose, the Spanish sanctioning model for data protection enforcement is analyzed, thus providing elements to criticize and review the institutional configuration chosen in our Amendment Project, which, as we will show, is inadequate for an effective protection of the fundamental right to informational self-determination.Cet article analyse les pouvoirs de sanction des autorités compétentes dans le projet de loi de réforme Nº 19628 sur la protection des données personnelles. Nous analysons le modèle espagnol des pouvoirs de sanction pour protection des données personnelles, qui donnent des éléments d’analyse pour critiquer et revoir le cadre institutionnel choisi dans notre projet de réforme, qui, a nos avis, est insuffisante pour protéger le droit à l’autodétermination informationnelle

Green supply chain quantitative models for sustainable inventory management: A review

[EN] This paper provides a systematic and up-to-date review and classification of 91 studies on quantitative methods of green supply chains for sustainable inventory management. It particularly identifies the main study areas, findings and quantitative models by setting a point for future research opportunities in sustainable inventory management. It seeks to review the quantitative methods that can better contribute to deal with the environmental impact challenge. More specifically, it focuses on different supply chain designs (green supply chain, sustainable supply chain, reverse logistics, closed-loop supply chain) in a broader application context. It also identifies the most important variables and parameters in inventory modelling from a sustainable perspective. The paper also includes a comparative analysis of the different mathematical programming, simulation and statistical models, and their solution approach, with exact methods, simulation, heuristic or meta-heuristic solution algorithms, the last of which indicate the increasing attention paid by researchers in recent years. The main findings recognise mixed integer linear programming models supported by heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms as the most widely used modelling approach. Minimisation of costs and greenhouse gas emissions are the main objectives of the reviewed approaches, while social aspects are hardly addressed. The main contemplated inventory management parameters are holding costs, quantity to order, safety stock and backorders. Demand is the most frequently shared information. Finally, tactical decisions, as opposed to strategical and operational decisions, are the main ones.The research leading to these results received funding from the Grant RTI2018-101344-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe". It was also funded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) / Scholarship Program/Doctorado Becas en el Extranjero/2020 72210174.Becerra, P.; Mula, J.; Sanchis, R. (2021). Green supply chain quantitative models for sustainable inventory management: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 328:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129544S11632

Optimising location, inventory and transportation in a sustainable closed-loop supply chain

[EN] Operations management researchers and practitioners have shown increasing interest in incorporating sustainability into supply chain (SC) design models. This means that sustainability must be considered in all aspects of the SC, including location, inventory and transportation (LIT) decisions. Hence the aim of this article is to propose an optimisation model that incorporates: (i) LIT decisions in an integrated manner; (ii) the three sustainability (3S) aspects, i.e. economic, environmental and social, into each named decisions; and (iii) a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) structure. The proposed formulation is a multi-objective mixed integer non-linear programming (MO-MINLP) model whose objectives consider minimisation of economic and social costs (economic aspect) and carbon emissions (environmental aspect), and maximisation of the social impact of SC operations (social aspect). A transformation technique is applied to one of the objective functions, which results in an MO-MILP model solved by the lexicographic method. This article focuses on commodity industries where only one finished product is manufactured. Hence the 3S-LIT model is validated with a randomly generated dataset and against a recently published alternative model applied to the copper mining industryThe research leading to these results received funding from the project "Industrial Production and Logistics Optimization in Industry 4.0" (i4OPT) (Ref. PROMETEO/2021/065) granted by the Valencian Regional Government; from the grant PDC2022-133957-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR; and from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101070076 "Optimizing Production and Logistic Resources in the Time-critical Bio Production Industries in Europe" (CLARUS). It was also funded by the National Agency for Research andDevelopment (ANID)/Scholarship Program/Doctorado Becas en el Extranjero/2020 -72210174 and sponsored by the Universidad de Atacama as part of an academic improvement plan.Becerra, P.; Mula, J.; Sanchis, R. (2023). Optimising location, inventory and transportation in a sustainable closed-loop supply chain. International Journal of Production Research. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2023.219751512

Relationship between Exotic Plant Species Richness, Native Vegetation and Climate in Forest Ecosystems of Chile

In this chapter, we evaluated how native species cover, native species richness, and foliage periodicity of forests are related to exotic species richness in different forest ecosystems distributed through the Mediterranean-type and temperate climate regions of Chile. We compiled published and unpublished data on Chilean vegetation (mainly phytosociological studies) located between 30º and 41º S in which plant species composition and abundance (percentage of cover) per plot was evaluated and published. When all forests were analysed together, we found that exotic species richness was not significantly related to native species richness; it was negatively related to native species cover in both Mediterranean and temperate climatic regions and was greater in deciduous than evergreen forests, although only in the temperate region. In an analysis considering separately every forest type, we observed that only in 50% of these communities, exotic species richness was negatively related to native species cover. Furthermore, in 25% of forest types, exotic species richness was negatively related to native species richness, and in only one forest type, this relationship was positive. Our results suggest that native species produce some resistance against invasion of exotic plants, but this effect may depend on climate and forest type

Le rôle des évènements éphémères dans les transformations urbaines des campus universitaires : le cas de l'Université du Costa-Rica pendant « La journée de l'environnement »

Espaces partagés, déplacements doux, villes apaisées, …, tels sont les enjeux actuels des espaces urbains contemporains. Les nouveaux besoins et représentations des espaces publics des villes, associés à des imaginaires du développement durable, sont à l'origine de la mise en scène de transformations temporaires dans les espaces urbains. Dans ce sens, la suppression ou réduction temporaire de la voiture des voiries et des espaces publics de manière festive est devenue aujourd'hui une pratique commune qui met en relief une image de convivialité de la ville, à l'échelle des piétons et des cyclistes. À travers cette recherche, je prétends montrer la diversité, la complexité et les possibilités des pratiques provoquées par les usages temporaires et évènementiels des espaces publics, ainsi que leur pouvoir transformateur du paysage urbain en reconstruisant son usage. Cette analyse sera mise en place à travers une approche théorique, qui explore les dynamiques des usages des espaces urbains, la mise en scène de la ville évènementielle et les possibilités de l'urbanisme temporaire et des interventions éphémères des espaces urbains. Finalement, cette approche sera complétée par une analyse in situ, dans laquelle je propose une étude comparative des dimensions environnementales, urbaines et sociales de la transformation des espaces urbains à partir de l'étude de cas de la Journée de l'Environnement édition 2014 à l'Université du Costa-Rica et son rôle dans les transformations urbaines du campus universitaire

Herramienta tecnológica para el hallazgo de objetos perdidos dentro de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

Este proyecto está dirigido a dar una posible solución a la falta de una solución que mejore las oportunidades de recuperar objeto que se extravió dentro de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, que tiene como función poder publicar y listar los objetos perdidos o encontrados dentro de la universidad y contactar a la persona que tiene el objeto. Con la implementación de este prototipo se logrará dar una opción que puede brindar un gran avance para la universidad en cuanto al desarrollo social y el apoyo comunitario, debido a que la gran mayoría de los estudiantes en algún momento durante su estadía en la universidad ha perdido cualquier articulo y como su acceso a internet a través de equipos de cómputo o celulares smartphone es ahora más fácil podría hacer que este aplicativo le dé más posibilidades de encontrar de nuevo su objeto

INVASION DE ARBOLES ALOCTONOS EN UNA CUENCA PRE-ANDINA DE CHILE CENTRAL

In this paper the assemblage of alien tree species inhabiting in the Río San Ramón watershed is described. This watershed is located at East border of Santiago, central Chile. Particularly, we documented the flora of alien tree species, the invasion state (not naturalized, naturalized, invader), abundance and population structure of each species. In addition, we related richness and abundance of each species with the way of access into the watershed (planted or natural immigration) and characterized species distribution through the abiotic habitats and resident vegetation patches. During 2003, a cense of all the individuals of alien tree species observed in the watershed was carried out. Fifteen alien tree species were observed. From these, eight species may be considered as invaders, two species as naturalized, and five species were planted but no natural regeneration was observed. Invader species had different abundance, being Ulmus minor the most abundant. Most of the invader species had natural regeneration and small-size individuals. The species that have become invaders, especially those that are the most abundant, were not planted in the watershed. On the other hand, the alien species had a similar environmental distribution, principally on the wettest habitats and on open sites without woody vegetation. These results suggest that the invasion process would be continuous, and that biotic and abiotic environment might be playing a role on the invasion of alien trees in central Chile, and that this role would be similar among species.En este trabajo se describe el ensamble de especies arbóreas alóctonas presentes en la cuenca del Río San Ramón, ubicada en el borde este de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile central. En particular se documenta la flora de especies arbóreas alóctonas, el estado de invasión de cada especie (no naturalizada, naturalizada, invasora), abundancia, estructura de tamaños, se relaciona la riqueza y abundancia de especies alóctonas arbóreas con la forma de acceso a la cuenca (plantada o inmigración natural), y se caracteriza la distribución de las especies en los hábitats abióticos y tipos de parche de vegetación residente. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un censo de todos los individuos de especies arbóreas alóctonas presentes en la cuenca. Se observaron 15 especies arbóreas alóctonas, de las cuales 8 pueden ser catalogadas como invasoras en la cuenca, 2 sólo naturalizadas y 5 están plantadas pero no presentan regeneración natural. Las especies invasoras presentaron diferente abundancia, siendo Ulmus minor la especie más abundante. La mayoría de las especies invasoras presentan regeneración natural e individuos de tamaño pequeño. Las especies que han llegado a ser invasoras y de éstas las más abundantes no fueron mayoritariamente plantadas en la cuenca. Además, las especies alóctonas observadas presentaron una muy similar distribución ambiental, preferentemente en los hábitats más húmedos y parches abiertos sin vegetación leñosa. Estos patrones permiten sugerir que el proceso de invasión estaría continuamente ocurriendo, que el ambiente biótico y abiótico puede estar jugando un rol en la invasión de árboles alóctonos, y que este rol sería similar entre las especies invasoras presentes